Ionic Radii for Spherical Potential Ions. Inorganic Chemistry 1973;12(4):780-85.
This project was largely funded by an ESEA, Title II Part B Mathematics and Science Partnership grant through the Montana Office of Public Instruction. Unit 6 Elaborate 2: How Can Periodic Trends be Used to. By: Brian Heil and Brianna Evans Periodic Trends Project The History of the Periodic Table Four Blocks of the Periodic Table Groups of the Periodic Table - Group 1 in the periodic table.
J Extra Credit Options: • You may add an extra period so that your table has 5 periods. (2 pts) • You may add transition metals in the appropriate spot in the period #4. (2 pts) • You may do both of the above for a total of 4 points extra credit.
By: Brian Heil and Brianna Evans Periodic Trends Project The History of the Periodic Table Four Blocks of the Periodic Table Groups of the Periodic Table - Group 1 in the periodic table -Highly reactive metals -Soft easily cut Alkali Metals Two electrons in the outer shell Low electron affinities Low electronegative Readily form divalent cations. Alkali Earth Metals Very high electronegativities Seven valence electrons (one short of a stable octet) Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths Halogens Fairly nonreactive Complete valence shell High ionization energies Very low electronegativities Low boiling points (all gases at room temperature) Noble Gases Trends of the Periodic Table Definition- Atomic radius is half of the distance between the centers of two atoms of that element that are just touching each other. Atomic Radius Definition- Is the energy required to remove one electron from the parent atom. First Ionization Energy Definition- A measure of the attraction of an atom for the electrons in a chemical bond.
The p block consists of the last six groups and contains all non-metals.The highest energy electron occupies a p-orbital. The d block contains the element groups 3-12 and transition elements.
You are to construct a periodic table on a topic of your choosing. Of course, it must be approved by me. (It must be a socially acceptable topic!) Beads, musical groups, photographs, fish, types of soccer balls, Legos, shoes and basically any other item you can think of would work!
Partly filled d subshells either in the neutral atoms or ions in common oxidation states. -Low melting temperature -Low boiling temperature -Low densities -Strong reducing agents Consists of elements whose atoms or ions have valence electrons in the f-orbital. They are known as inner transition elements. To help understand the trends Atomic radius decreases from left to right in a period caused by an increase in number of protons and electrons. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group cause by electron shielding. Ionization energy within a period increases from left to right due to valence shell stability.
The numbers used must be searchable or actual data collected by you. • You must have an abstract that explains your periodic table.
Neatness counts! • Remember to pick up your table within a week after it has been graded or it may be disposed of.
Periodic Trends Project - Period 2 Elements & Symbols in Period 2 Li (Lithium) Be (Beryllium) B (Boron) C (Carbon) N (Nitrogen) O (Oxygen) F (Fluorine) Ne (Neon) Period 2 Trend: Atomic Radii The trend is as you move left to right across a period, the atomic radius decreases. Period 2 Trend: Ionic Radii As you move to the right across a period in the Periodic Table, the ionic radius decreases for metals forming cations, while the ionic radius increases for non-metals. Period 2 Trend: Reactivity In metals, reactivity decreases as you go across a period left to right. In non-metals, reactivity increases as you go across a period left to right. Period 2 Trend: Ionization Energy Generally, elements on the right side of the Periodic Table have higher ionization energy. In other words, going left to right across the period ionization energy increases. Period 2 Trend: Valence Electrons The number of valence electrons increases by one valence electron going left to right across the period.
Download new katrina kaif for desktop wallpaper for macbook pro. Measurement and Factors Affecting Ionic Radii The ionic radius of an atom is measured by calculating its spatial proportions in an ionic bond with another ion within a crystal lattice. However, it is to consistently and accurately determine the proportions of the ionic bonds. After comparing many compounds, chemist Linus Pauling assign a radius of 140 pm to O 2- and use this as a reference point to determine the sizes of other Ionic Radii (Jensen 2010). Ionic radius is not a permanent trait of an ion, but changes depending on coordination number, spin state, and other variables (Shannon 1976).
If you would like more than one case of the Standard Edition or Collector’s Edition, simply add just $159 for each additional case of the Standard game and just $219 each additional case of the Collector's Edition game. Play through some of the fundamentals of chemistry AND Biology with the Science Bundle! This bundle includes, AND from the Chemistry Bundle and adds 2nd,! For a pledge of $159, you will receive 1 COPY of Periodic, PLUS, 1 COPY of Subatomic: An Atom Building Game, PLUS 1 COPY of Covalence: A Molecule Building Game, 1 COPY of Ion: A Compound Building Game, 1 COPY of Cytosis: A Cell Biology Game (2nd), 1 Copy of Peptide: A Protein Building Game, and 1 Copy of Virulence: An Infectious Card Game. Check out for other Science Games! Risks and challenges All projects have some level of risk, and ours is no different.
My students need an updated wall Periodic Table with accompanying historical expansion cards kit, an Periodic table assembly game, and families of elements lab. My Students My chemistry students need to have opportunities for hands-on learning. Learning why the elements are in the positions they are in on the Periodic Table through activities and labs will help increase those opportunities. My students live in two rural communities in Illinois. They are entering in their second year of a consolidation and still getting to know each other.
Research Questions: • What do you think will happen as you go down the column of alkaline earth metals? • What do you think would happen if you went to the first column of the periodic table? • Do you notice a trend that could apply to the whole periodic table? Materials: • ~0.1 piece of lithium • Magnesium • Calcium • Strontium turnings • 50mL graduated cylinder • 5- 100mL beakers • Mass balance • 3- 50mL beakers • Timer • Vinegar • Universal indicator solution • De-ionized water • Tweezers • 3 Volunteers Experimental Procedure: • Measure 35mL of de-ionized water into each of the three 50mL beakers. • Add 20 drops of universal indicator and 5 drops of vinegar to all three beakers. Swirl the solution to mix.
In an effort to reduce the overall cost of production (and ultimately lower our funding goal) we are continuing to work with the same overseas manufacturing company we did with all of our previous games including Linkage, Peptide, Ion, Covalence, Virulence, Cytosis and Subatomic. We've had a great experience working with them and are excited to continue building on our connections. Our turnaround for delivery will be similar to our previous games as we continue to feel out the process with the manufacturer's representatives. We do not expect delays, but anything can happen half a world away just as it could domestically. We rely on our suppliers just as you rely on us, and hope for a relationship of mutual understanding. Music used in the video: Song: Fredji - Welcome Sunshine (Vlog No Copyright Music) Music promoted by Vlog No Copyright Music.
For further information, consult your state's handbook of Science Safety.
References • Housecroft, Catherine E. Inorganic Chemistry. England: Pearson Education Limited, 2008. • Shannon R.D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica 1976;32(5): 751-767. • Jensen B., William.
• Birkholz, Mario. Crystal-field induced dipoles in heteropolar crystals II: Physical significance. Solution • C & D: Cations are formed when an electron is lost. When this occurs there are less electron-electron repulsions and there is a greater net nuclear attraction per electron. So, the newly formed ion becomes a more condensed version of its neutral atom. Anions are formed when an electron is gained.
The Origin of the Ionic-Radius Ratio Rules. Journal of Chemical Education 2010;86(6):587-8. • Oliver, Johnson.
Disclaimer and Safety Precautions Education.com provides the Science Fair Project Ideas for informational purposes only. Education.com does not make any guarantee or representation regarding the Science Fair Project Ideas and is not responsible or liable for any loss or damage, directly or indirectly, caused by your use of such information. By accessing the Science Fair Project Ideas, you waive and renounce any claims against Education.com that arise thereof. In addition, your access to Education.com's website and Science Fair Project Ideas is covered by Education.com's Privacy Policy and site Terms of Use, which include limitations on Education.com's liability. Warning is hereby given that not all Project Ideas are appropriate for all individuals or in all circumstances. Implementation of any Science Project Idea should be undertaken only in appropriate settings and with appropriate parental or other supervision. Reading and following the safety precautions of all materials used in a project is the sole responsibility of each individual.
In other words, it should exhibit periodicity. Label each group by family name. • You may get pictures from the internet, magazines, catalogs, use your own photos or actual objects.
Each of the elements on these Goal Cards will be marked on the game board with a cube, signalling to players that it is available that round. When a player is the first to discover all the elements on a single Goal Card, they’ll also be rewarded with the Award Tile just above that stack. These tiles give players things like free movements, additional actions or even more energy. Want EXTRA copies of Periodic or our other games? Do you want 6 or more copies of the Standard Edition or Collector’s Edition of Periodic for your game group, to save on shipping (especially for international backers), or just to give away as gifts? For a pledge of $159 plus shipping, you will receive one case (6 copies) of Periodic: A Game of the Elements.
Each illustration must incorporate: • Element Symbol • Atomic Number (near the top) • Atomic Weight (near the bottom) LEARNING GOALS: This projects serves as a practical introduction to the Periodic Table. We will each study, in depth, one particular element and therefore become an expert on our element. We will delve into the structure and arrangement of the elements composing the Periodic Table and use our products to conduct further, targeted study on Periodic Trends. TIMELINE/MILESTONES: This will be a two week long project. It will be launched on Tuesday, September 11 th and commence on Friday, September 21 st (this means it is due at the start of class on Friday September 21 st!).
Electronegativity Definition- A measure of the size of an atoms ion in crystal lattice. Ionic Radius Definition- Reflects the ability of an atom to accept an electron. It is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. Electron Affinity Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.
When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, creating an anion or cation, the atom's radius increases or decreases, respectively. This module explains how this occurs and how this trend differs from that of atomic radii.
Elements available to be discovered are shown on the Goal Cards (four stacks, ranging from easiest to hardest, are located above the game board). On each Goal Card are a number of elements that share similarities in their properties, uses in industry, occurrence in nature, etc.
It needs to explain the trends in your table. You must explain what each column or family in your table represents, what the trend or periodicity is as you move across a row (period). You need to explain how your trends compare to the trends in the actual periodic table.
This is due: _______________________ Here are your guidelines: • It must contain 4 periods and 8 families of a representative (short) periodic table. You do not have to include any “Transition elements.” • The items in vertical columns (groups) must be similar in some manner and have some variation and gradual change as you move up or down the column.
The Periodic Table Project OVERVIEW: The goal of this project is to construct a more meaningful Periodic Table that better suits our classroom “identity”. Each student will be assigned an element from the Periodic Table, conduct some brief research to identify key information about each element, then use those aspects to represent the element visually. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: The purpose of the Essential Questions is to provoke thought on the subject under investigation. Please write out your thoughtful answers to the following Essential Questions in complete, well formed sentences and turn them in IN ADDITION to the required 2 Products listed below. • What is the purpose of the Periodic Table?
An understanding of periodic trends is necessary when analyzing and predicting molecular properties and interactions. Common periodic trends include those in ionization energy, atomic radius, and electron affinity. One such trend is closely linked to atomic radii -- ionic radii. Neutral atoms tend to increase in size down a group and decrease across a period.
• Place 2 large pieces of calcium into the first 100mL beaker. • Place 2 similar sized pieces of magnesium into the second 100mL beaker. • Place 2 similar sized pieces of strontium into the last 100mL beaker.
As you move down a group electronegativity decreases because the atomic number increases down a group thus there is a greater atomic radius. Ionization energy within a group decreases from top to bottom due to electron shielding. The noble gases have similar properties in this case the stable octate is full so the elements are inert. They also consist of the same number of valence electrons. Alkali metals have one electron their outer shell which gives them low ionization energies that result in metallic properties and high reactivities. Halogens have seven valence electrons which makes them reactive nonmetals that have high electronegativities. Alkali earth metals have an oxidation number of +2 which makes them very reactive and are not found in nature.
• One person should be ready to time this next step. • Each of the 3 volunteers should get ready to pour the vinegar solution into each of the beakers at the same time. • The timing person should record the time it takes each beaker turns purple. • If one element takes longer than 5 minutes, stop the time and write down 5+. • You should now know which element reacts the fastest, faster, and slowest. With this data, look back at and answer the research questions. Terms/Concepts: Reactivity, Alkaline-Earth Metals, Alkaline Metals, Periodic Table of Elements References: Reactivity: Alkaline- Earth Metals: Alkaline Metals.
Elements available to be discovered are shown on the Goal Cards (four stacks, ranging from easiest to hardest, are located above the game board). On each Goal Card are a number of elements that share similarities in their properties, uses in industry, occurrence in nature, etc.